附加问题

原文：Adjunct questions (andymatuschak.org)

在阅读过程中插入的问题。可以在阅读材料的前后提出。例如，在阅读材料之后提出这些问题，可以加强对特定信息的记忆，这就是所谓的测试效应。不仅如此，这些问题还有一个更广泛的作用：附加问题能够提高学习者对相关但未直接测试的内容的理解。而且似乎存在预测试效应。

相关笔记：

• 助记媒介卡片穿插在阅读的过程中

参考文献

• 综述

  • Anderson, R. C., & Biddle, W. B. (1975). On Asking People Questions about What They are Reading. In Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 9, pp. 89–132). Elsevier

  • Hamaker, C. (1986). The Effects of Adjunct Questions on Prose Learning. Review of Educational Research, 56(2), 212–242. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543056002212

• Rothkopf, E. Z. (1966). Learning from Written Instructive Materials: An Exploration of the Control of Inspection Behavior by Test-Like Events. American Educational Research Journal, 3(4), 241–249.

• Cerdán, R., Vidal-Abarca, E., Martinez, T., Gilabert, R., & Gil, L. (2009). Impact of question-answering tasks on search processes and reading comprehension. Learning and Instruction, 19(1), 13–27

• 不那么直接的关联：Ausubel, D. P. (1960). The use of advance organizers in the learning and retention of meaningful verbal material. Journal of Educational Psychology, 51(5), 267–272